Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Original Articles

Changes in Adenosine Deaminase Activity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Effect of DPP-4 Inhibitor Treatment on ADA Activity: Jae-Geun Lee, Dong Gu Kang, Jung Re Yu, Youngree Kim, Jinsoek Kim, Gwanpyo Koh, Daeho Lee; Diabetes Metab J. 2011;35(2):149-158. Published online April 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2011.35.2.149

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Background

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4, also known as CD26) binds with adenosine deaminase (ADA) to activate T lymphocytes. Here, we investigated whether ADA activity is specifically affected by treatment with DPP-4 inhibitor (DPP4I) compared with other anti-diabetic agents.

Methods

Fasting ADA activity, in addition to various metabolic and biochemical parameters, were measured in 262 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients taking various anti-diabetic agents and in 46 non-diabetic control subjects.

Results

ADA activity was increased in T2DM patients compared with that in non-diabetic control subjects (mean±standard error, 23.1±0.6 U/L vs. 18.6±0.8 U/L; P<0.05). ADA activity was correlated with fasting plasma glucose (r=0.258, P<0.05), HbA1c (r=0.208, P<0.05), aspartate aminotransferase (r=0.325, P<0.05), and alanine aminotransferase (r=0.248, P<0.05). Compared with the well-controlled T2DM patients (HbA1c<7%), the poorly controlled group (HbA1c>9%) showed significantly increased ADA activity (21.1±0.8 U/L vs. 25.4±1.6 U/L; P<0.05). The effect of DPP4I on ADA activity in T2DM patients did not differ from those of other oral anti-diabetic agents or insulin. T2DM patients on metformin monotherapy showed a lower ADA activity (20.9±1.0 U/L vs. 28.1±2.8 U/L; P<0.05) compared with that of those on sulfonylurea monotherapy.

Conclusion

Our results show that ADA activity is increased in T2DM patients compared to that in non-diabetic patients, is positively correlated with blood glucose level, and that DPP4I has no additional specific effect on ADA activity, except for a glycemic control- or HbA1c-dependent effect.

Citations

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Clinical Characteristics of Type 2 Diabetes Patients according to Family History of Diabetes: Seung Uk Jeong, Dong Gu Kang, Dae Ho Lee, Kang Woo Lee, Dong-Mee Lim, Byung Joon Kim, Keun-Yong Park, Hyoun-Jung Chin, Gwanpyo Koh; Korean Diabetes J. 2010;34(4):222-228. Published online August 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2010.34.4.222

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Abstract PDF PubReader

Background

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has a strong genetic component, and its prevalence is notably increased in the family members of T2DM patients. However, there are few studies about the family history of T2DM. We carried out this study to assess the influences of family history on clinical characteristics in T2DM patients.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study involving 651 T2DM patients. Patient history and physical examination were performed and fasting blood was taken. If any first degree relative was diabetic, a family history of diabetes was considered to exist.

Results

Among the total 621 patients, 38.4% had a family history of diabetes. Patients with a family history had a younger age, higher weight, younger age at diagnosis and higher triglyceride level than did those without a family history. Dyslipidemia medication and metabolic syndrome were more prevalent in familial diabetes. Sex, blood pressure, previous treatment for diabetes, HbA1c, C-peptide, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were not different between familial and non-familial diabetes. Upon multiple linear regression analysis, the family history of diabetes remained significantly associated with serum triglyceride level.

Conclusion

In T2DM patients with a family history of diabetes, the disease tended to develop earlier. Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors are more prevalent in familial T2DM than they were in non-familial T2DM. These results support the necessity of earlier screening for diabetes in family members of T2DM patients and more active prevention against cardiovascular disease in T2DM patients with a family history.

Citations

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The Effect of Chronic Alcohol Intake on Insulin Secretion in NIDDM Rats.: Mi Jin Kim, Myoung Sook Shim, Mun Kyu Kim, Dong Gu Kang, Hyung Suk Park, Sang Man Chung, Tae Sun Hwang, Young Goo Shin, Choon Jo Chin, Choon Hee Chung; Korean Diabetes J. 2002;26(5):366-376. Published online October 1, 2002

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The effect of alcohol on glucose metabolism is dependent on the daily amount of alcohol ingestion and the timing of intake. Heavy alcohol consumption in the fasting state may lead to serious hypoglycemia, whereas an excessive alcohol intake during meals may lead to hyperglycemia. In Korea, AIDDM (atypical insulin dependent diabetes mellitus) which shows firstly similar to the NIDDM and progresses slowly into IDDM is related to heavy alcohol drinking. So we studied that the effect of chronic alcohol intake on insulin secretion of beta cell in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced non-insulin dependent diabetic Sprangue- Dawley rats. METHODS: 40 male newborn (12 hours old) Sprague-Dawley rats were made diabetic by streptozotocin (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) and 20 male newborn (12 hours old) Sprague-Dawley rats were injected by citrate buffer solution. At 14 weeks old, diabetic group were confirmed by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (30% D/W, 2 g/kg). After that, diabetic group were divided into two groups. One group were fed on 5% ethanol and the other group were fed on water for 8 weeks. Control groups were divided into two groups. One group were fed on 5% ethanol and the other group were fed on water for 8 weeks. All rats were divided into 4 groups; group I: diabetic and 5% ethanol, group II: non- diabetic and 5% ethanol, group III: diabetic and water, group IV: non-diabetic and water. At the age of 22 weeks, we determined insulin level among 4 groups. After we extracted pancreas, determined the ratio of area of beta cell to islet cell. RESULTS: 1) There was no difference of weight among 4 groups in 22 week old rats. 2) Group I freely ingested 2.08g (5.50 g/kg/day) ethanol daily and group II ingested 2.04g (4.89g/kg/day) ethanol daily. 3) Plasma insulin levels of group I were lower than those of group III but not significant. 4) Plasma insulin levels of group II were higher than those of group IV but not significant. 5) In the light microscopic findings of pancreas, the ratios of area of beta cells to islet cells in group I were the lowest but not significant. CONCLUSION: These findings suggested that chronic moderate alcohol ingestion in NIDDM rats didn't impair insulin secretion and morphology of pancreatic beta cells.

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